{"id":106170,"date":"2020-04-23T12:34:11","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T10:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drawplanet.cz\/dlouha-expozice\/"},"modified":"2020-04-23T12:34:26","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T10:34:26","slug":"dlouha-expozice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drawplanet.cz\/ru\/dlouha-expozice\/","title":{"rendered":"Dlouh\u00e1 expozice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dlouh\u00e1 expozice je v posledn\u00edch letech velmi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 a modern\u00ed cesta, kterou m\u016f\u017eete vytvo\u0159it \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. No\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry v\u00e1m mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 detaily a vytvo\u0159it dechberouc\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 efekty. Naopak b\u011bhem dne m\u016f\u017eete na sn\u00edmky p\u0159en\u00e9st a\u017e \u00e9terickou atmosf\u00e9ru. Nic z toho nen\u00ed prakticky obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout, nicm\u00e9n\u011b vy\u017eaduje to trochu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravy p\u0159edem.
\nZde v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme n\u011bkolik tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 V\u00e1m pomohou p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed s dlouhou expozic\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eijte ND filter<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161ed\u00e9ho filtru (ND filtr) je u dlouh\u00fdch expozic za denn\u00edho sv\u011btla prakticky nezbytn\u00e9. Na trhu najdete celou \u0159adu filtr\u016f, co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zna\u010dek i \u00fa\u010dinku. Doporu\u010dujeme dr\u017eet se osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch zna\u010dek (Hoya, B+W, Marumi apod.) a vyb\u00edrat filtry sp\u00ed\u0161e s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hustotou, kter\u00e9 pohlt\u00ed v\u00edce sv\u011btla nebo zvolit ND filtr s variabiln\u00edm nastaven\u00edm hustoty \u2013 ta se v\u017edy ud\u00e1v\u00e1 v expozi\u010dn\u00edch stupn\u00edch EV.<\/p>\n

Vhodn\u00e1 s\u00edla filtru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, nejv\u00edce v\u0161ak na rychlosti pohybuj\u00edc\u00edch se objekt\u016f (v\u00edtr, voda). P\u0159i siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011btru v\u00e1m bude sta\u010dit prodlou\u017een\u00ed expozice v \u0159\u00e1du vte\u0159in. Za slune\u010dn\u00e9ho dne, kdy je pohyb minim\u00e1ln\u00ed ji\u017e budete pot\u0159ebovat filtr siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.
\nDal\u0161\u00ed nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdbavy je byteln\u00fd stativ, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed dlouh\u00fdch \u010das\u016f bez rizika vzniku pohybov\u00e9 neostrosti u statick\u00fdch objekt\u016f. P\u0159i nasazen\u00ed apar\u00e1tu na stativ nezapome\u0148te vypnout stabilizaci obrazu.
\nNema\u010dkejte spou\u0161\u0165 prstem, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k rozechv\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmu rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho z\u00e1b\u011bru. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1, nebo kabelov\u00e1 spou\u0161\u0165. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017ee nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbavy, poslou\u017e\u00ed dob\u0159e i funkce samospou\u0161t\u011b na fotoapar\u00e1tu.
\n\"\"
\nPou\u017eijte manu\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed
\nNeutr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fd filtr pro dlouh\u00e9 expozice je ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepr\u016fhledn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 sklo. Fotoapar\u00e1t pot\u0159ebuje pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zaost\u0159en\u00ed dob\u0159e rozpoznat objekt, na kter\u00fd ost\u0159\u00ed. Pokud se mu to v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku nepoda\u0159\u00ed, za\u010dne hledat v cel\u00e9m sv\u00e9m rozsahu a v\u011bt\u0161inou se mu nepoda\u0159\u00ed zachytit v\u016fbec nic. P\u0159epn\u011bte tedy na manu\u00e1ln\u00ed ost\u0159en\u00ed, zaost\u0159ete na objekt, kter\u00fd byste r\u00e1di m\u011bli ostr\u00fd a teprve pot\u00e9 na\u0161roubujte neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fd filtr. D\u00e1vejte pozor, abyste si zaost\u0159en\u00edm ji\u017e nepohnuli. Pokud obsahuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 fotoapar\u00e1t obsahuje funkci Liveview, otestujte ji i s na\u0161roubovan\u00fdm filtrem. V\u011bt\u0161inou je na displeji vid\u011bt daleko v\u00edce detail\u016f ne\u017e v hled\u00e1\u010dku.<\/p>\n

Vyhrajte si s mraky a jejich pohybem
\nJedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch l\u00e1kadel dlouh\u00e9 expozice je vystihnout kreativn\u011b pohyb. Chcete-li vyu\u017e\u00edt pomalou rychlost z\u00e1v\u011brky, tak pou\u017eijte do sc\u00e9ny nap\u0159\u00edklad pohybliv\u00e9 mraky. A\u017e se v\u00e1m budou oblaka zd\u00e1t \u00e9terick\u00e1 a zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, tak si vy\u010dkejte a\u017e bude slunce na obzoru dostate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00edzko, abyste mohli p\u0159idat nebi kontrast nebo barvu.<\/p>\n

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Salto Grande Waterfall, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile<\/p><\/div>\n

Zachy\u0165te poh\u00e1dkov\u011b hv\u011bzdnou oblohu<\/p>\n

Pro zachycen\u00ed efektu »Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy» je pot\u0159eba podchytit dv\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Po\u010dkejte si na jasn\u00e9 nebe bez mrak\u016f a dosta\u0148te se mimo m\u011bsto, nejl\u00e9pe do p\u0159\u00edrody. Um\u011bl\u00e1 sv\u011btla by toti\u017e mohla ovlivnit expozici a hv\u011bzdy by nebyly tak jasn\u00e9.
\nJe tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba sn\u00ed\u017eit clonu na minimum. Jak napov\u00edd\u00e1 n\u00e1zev, clona clon\u00ed sv\u011btlo a hv\u011bzdy jsou tak slab\u00e9, \u017ee je opravdu net\u0159eba clonit. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude z\u00e1le\u017eet na objektivu, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00edte. U t\u011bch nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch se nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnota clony pohybuje okolo f\/4.0. Lep\u0161\u00ed objektivy maj\u00ed f\/2.8. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, t\u00edm sn\u00e1ze se obloha bude fotit. Kouzlo \u0161irok\u00fdch z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v tom, \u017ee v\u00e1m dovol\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed expozice. Zem\u011b se pom\u011brn\u011b rychle ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed a hv\u011bzdy se na dlouh\u00fdch expozic\u00edch rozma\u017eou.
\nPosledn\u00ed, co mus\u00edme na fotoapar\u00e1tu nastavit, je zaost\u0159en\u00ed do nekone\u010dna. Hv\u011bzdy jsou pro fotoapar\u00e1t v nekone\u010dnu, tak\u017ee pokud je nechceme podivn\u011b rozost\u0159en\u00e9, je tohle dobr\u00e1 volba. V noci se ost\u0159\u00ed docela \u0161patn\u011b, tak\u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed je ost\u0159en\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed.
\nP\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouhou expozic\u00ed se nejen rozmaz\u00e1vaj\u00ed hv\u011bzdy, jak u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno v\u00fd\u0161e, ale zvy\u0161uje se i \u0161um. Tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e tou\u017e\u00edte po efektu rozmazan\u00fdch hv\u011bzd, dlouh\u00e9 expozice se prost\u011b nevypl\u00e1cej\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladem je po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha expozic a jejich skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.
\nSn\u00edmky Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy nebo n\u011bjak\u00e9ho souhv\u011bzd\u00ed je jednoduch\u00e9 po\u0159\u00eddit. Sta\u010d\u00ed nam\u00ed\u0159it na m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 chcete fotit, a po\u0159\u00eddit t\u0159eba dvacet sn\u00edmk\u016f po dvaceti vte\u0159in\u00e1ch. Pokud chcete b\u00fdt d\u016fsledn\u00ed, po\u0159\u00edd\u00edte si je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159eba p\u011bt tzv. temn\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f, kde zakryjete objektiv a vyfot\u00edte doslova jen tmu. Ty poslou\u017e\u00ed pro eliminaci \u0161umu. To hlavn\u00ed se odehraje a\u017e p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed je k dispozici nejeden program, kter\u00fd si se skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm astronomick\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f porad\u00ed. Mezi ty nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed t\u0159eba Deep Sky Stacker. Pr\u00e1v\u011b podobn\u00e9 programy si porad\u00ed i s temn\u00fdmi sn\u00edmky. Jednodu\u0161e v\u0161echny sn\u00edmky nahrajete do programu a s chvilkou trp\u011blivosti za chv\u00edli budete m\u00edt slo\u017een\u00fd v\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edmek. \u010casto na prvn\u00ed pohled nebude vypadat moc dob\u0159e, je t\u0159eba si pohr\u00e1t s nastaven\u00edm barev. Po\u010d\u00edtejte s t\u00edm, \u017ee pokud na sn\u00edmku chcete m\u00edt horizont, bude to vy\u017eadovat v\u00edc pr\u00e1ce. Slo\u017een\u00edm hv\u011bzd se toti\u017e rozma\u017ee horizont a naopak. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed je slo\u017eit sv\u011b verze sn\u00edmku a pak je prolnout, na co\u017e poslou\u017e\u00ed star\u00fd dobr\u00fd Photoshop.<\/p>\n

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Sv\u011bteln\u00e9 abstraktn\u00ed pruhy<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed experiment\u016f dlouh\u00e9 expozice ve m\u011bstech je vyu\u017eit\u00ed sv\u011btel v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s. Od fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00fdch stezek proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch vozidel a\u017e po reklamn\u00ed pouta\u010de a lampy. Sta\u010d\u00ed naj\u00edt strategickou polohu pobl\u00ed\u017e ru\u0161n\u00e9 ulice a nastavit rychlost expozi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brky na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 a\u017e 15 sekund. \u010c\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed je expozice, t\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed jsou \u010d\u00e1ry. Pokud nastav\u00edte fotoapar\u00e1t spr\u00e1vn\u011b, tak se v\u00e1m na v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 fotografii budou t\u00e1hnout b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9 proudy sv\u011btla.
\nD\u00e9lku expozice je nutn\u00e9 v\u017edy p\u0159izp\u016fsobit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. Auta mohou jezdit r\u016fznou rychlost\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj vybuchne po jin\u00e9 dob\u011b od v\u00fdst\u0159elu a tekouc\u00ed voda v potoc\u00edch m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 poka\u017ed\u00e9 jinou rychlost. M\u00e1lokdy vyjde z\u00e1b\u011br napoprv\u00e9 a je zkr\u00e1tka nutn\u00e9 tro\u0161ku zkou\u0161et a experimentovat. Ze za\u010d\u00e1tku je tedy ur\u010dit\u011b dobr\u00e9 vybrat si takovou sc\u00e9nu, kde m\u016f\u017eete z\u00e1b\u011br n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t opakovat a vyzkou\u0161et si tak, jak\u00e9ho efektu rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed doc\u00edl\u00edme p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00e9lce expozice. V okam\u017eiku kdy zjist\u00edte, jak\u00fd \u010das je pro danou sc\u00e9nu nejlep\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e1te v podstat\u011b vyhr\u00e1no. Pak u\u017e si v klidu m\u016f\u017eete doladit kompozici.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Malov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btlem<\/p>\n

Malov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btlem je vcelku specifick\u00e1 technika fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sice nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1, ale zato dok\u00e1\u017ee zaujmout jak\u00e9hokoliv div\u00e1ka. V\u00fdhodou je toti\u017e fakt, \u017ee by\u0165 je fotografovan\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bt sebev\u00edce jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, d\u00edky barevn\u00fdm sv\u011btl\u016fm je v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 fotografie p\u016fsobiv\u00e1 a origin\u00e1ln\u00ed.
\nJak ji\u017e s\u00e1m n\u00e1zev techniky napov\u00edd\u00e1, fotografie je tvo\u0159ena doslova malov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u011btlem. Oproti klasick\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu, kdy se fotografuje za denn\u00edho nebo um\u011bl\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u011b vykresl\u00ed obraz na sn\u00edma\u010di, p\u0159i malov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btlem je pot\u0159eba m\u00edt fotografovanou sc\u00e9nu v pokud mo\u017eno co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tm\u011b.
\nD\u00edky n\u00edzk\u00e9 hladin\u011b osv\u011btlen\u00ed je toti\u017e velmi snadn\u00e9, zachytit na obrazov\u00e9m sn\u00edma\u010di stopu sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 se vyskytne v pr\u016fb\u011bhu expozice na sc\u00e9n\u011b. Pro za\u010d\u00e1tky je asi nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm vyzkou\u0161et si malbu sv\u011btlem v interi\u00e9ru, kde si m\u016f\u017eete snadno zatemnit a vytvo\u0159it si tak ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky.
\nVedle tmy bude t\u0159eba m\u00edt po ruce je\u0161t\u011b zdroj sv\u011btla \u2013 v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b malou bodovou sv\u00edtilnu, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak nebude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd v\u00fdkon, abyste si celou sc\u00e9nu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neosv\u00edtili tak, \u017ee by nebylo vid\u011bt v\u016fbec nic. Pracovat m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi barevn\u00fdmi filtry, d\u00edky nim\u017e nasv\u00edcen\u00e9 objekty z\u00edskaj\u00ed jin\u00fd barevn\u00fd n\u00e1dech a sv\u011bteln\u00e1 malba m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tak\u00e9 zcela jinou barvu.
\nJakmile budete m\u00edt nachystanou expozici, je t\u0159eba zaost\u0159it sn\u00edmek \u2013 nejl\u00e9pe ru\u010dn\u011b, abyste m\u011bli jistotu spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zaost\u0159en\u00ed i p\u0159i dotknut\u00ed se spou\u0161t\u011b \u2013 a upravit kompozici. Z pohledu kompozice je t\u0159eba pop\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, co m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00fdsledkem va\u0161\u00ed snahy. Bu\u010fto bude dominantn\u00ed samotn\u00e1 malba sv\u011btlem na tmav\u00e9m pozad\u00ed nebo budou sv\u011bteln\u00e9 \u0161mouhy pouze dokreslovat hlavn\u00ed objekt sc\u00e9ny.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed s dlouh\u00fdmi expozicemi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ale nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u00e1 v\u011bda. V\u00fdsledek fotografie je absolutn\u011b nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd, a proto je tato technika tak z\u00e1bavn\u00e1 a obl\u00edben\u00e1. P\u0159es v\u0161echny v\u00fdpo\u010dty a \u00fapravy si stejn\u011b nem\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt jist\u00ed jak\u00fd bude v\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edmek. Nebojte se hr\u00e1t si s nastaven\u00edm a p\u0159ekvapte sami sebe okouzluj\u00edc\u00edmi fotografiemi!
\nCht\u011bli byste se v\u011bnovat fotografii, ale nem\u00e1te zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a jste za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk? D\u011bl\u00e1 v\u00e1m probl\u00e9m nastaven\u00ed zrcadlovky? Chcete se zorientovat v nekone\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed nastaven\u00ed a nejen to? Pokud jste alespo\u0148 jednou odpov\u011bd\u011bli ano, tak kurz fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed u n\u00e1s v Draw Planet je pro v\u00e1s to prav\u00e9 o\u0159echov\u00e9! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.drawplanet.cz\/kurz\/kurz-fotografovani-pro-zacatecniky\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dlouh\u00e1 expozice je v posledn\u00edch letech velmi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 a modern\u00ed cesta, kterou m\u016f\u017eete vytvo\u0159it \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. No\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry v\u00e1m mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 detaily a vytvo\u0159it dechberouc\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 efekty. Naopak b\u011bhem dne m\u016f\u017eete na sn\u00edmky p\u0159en\u00e9st a\u017e \u00e9terickou atmosf\u00e9ru. Nic z toho nen\u00ed prakticky obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout, nicm\u00e9n\u011b vy\u017eaduje to trochu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravy p\u0159edem. Zde v\u00e1m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":106151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-ru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDlouh\u00e1 expozice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zde v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme n\u011bkolik tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 V\u00e1m pomohou p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed s dlouhou expozic\u00ed.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dlouh\u00e1 expozice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zde v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme n\u011bkolik tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 V\u00e1m pomohou p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed s dlouhou expozic\u00ed.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.drawplanet.cz\/ru\/dlouha-expozice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Draw Planet - 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